Lafaz Mujmal Nafkah dalam Al-Qurʾān dan Operasionalisasinya dalam Pasal 80 KHI: Analisis Dilālah al-Alfāẓ terhadap Kewajiban Nafkah Suami bagi Istri yang Bekerja
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the mujmal (ambiguous) expressions in Quranic verses on spousal maintenance (nafkah) and analyzes their operationalization within Article 80 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) through the dalālah al-alfāẓ theory in uṣūl al-fiqh. Expressions such as bil-maʿrūf (Q.S. al-Baqarah: 233), min wujdikum, and min saʿatihi (Q.S. al-Ṭalāq: 6–7) are mujmal expressions that do not definitively prescribe the quantum of maintenance, thus requiring bayān from the Sunnah and scholarly ijtihad. Using a qualitative library-research method with a normative-analytical approach, the study finds: (1) the husband's maintenance obligation is absolute according to the dalālah ʿibārah of Q.S. al-Baqarah: 233, independent of the wife's economic status; (2) a working wife's income is her exclusive property and does not reduce her maintenance entitlement; and (3) Article 80 KHI constitutes a codification of bayān over these mujmal expressions but leaves a legal gap regarding working wives requiring resolution through maqāṣid al-sharīʿah-based ijtihad. The study proposes a three-component normative framework integrating dalālah analysis, maqāṣid principles, and positive Indonesian law.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Content License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notice:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
References
Abshor, M. U. (2022). Metode istinbath hukum dalam pandangan ulama Hanafiah. Contemplate: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Keislaman, 3(2), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.36915/contemplate.v3i2.68
Al-Bukhārī, M. I. (t.t.). Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī (Jilid 7). Dār Ṭawq al-Najāh.
Al-Ghazālī, M. (2007). Al-Mustaṣfā min ʿIlm al-Uṣūl (M. S. Al-Ashqar, Ed.). Muʾassasat al-Risālah.
Al-Jaṣṣāṣ, A. A. (1994). Aḥkām al-Qurʾān (Jilid 3, M. Ṣādiq Qamḥāwī, Ed.). Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Al-Kāsānī, A. B. (1986). Badāʾiʿ al-Ṣanāʾiʿ fī Tartīb al-Sharāʾiʿ (Jilid 4). Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Al-Nawawī, Y. S. (1980). Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab (Jilid 18). Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Qaraḍāwī, Y. (2000). Fiqh al-Awlawiyyāt: Dirāsah Jadīdah fī Ḍawʾ al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah. Maktabat Wahbah.
Al-Rāzī, F. D. (1981). Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb (Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr) (Jilid 3). Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Suyūṭī, J. D. (2006). Al-Ashbāh wa al-Naẓāʾir fī Qawāʿid wa Furūʿ Fiqh al-Shāfiʿiyyah. Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Al-Zuhailī, W. (2007). Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh (Jilid 7, Cet. 4). Dār al-Fikr.
Ansory, I., & Siddik, M. Y. (2024). Manthuq dan mafhum dalam studi ulum Al-Qurʾān dan ilmu ushul fiqih. Al Kareem: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qurʾān dan Tafsir, 2(2), 1–19.
Asmaret, D. (2021). Penunjukan lafazh terhadap hukum (dilalah) berbentuk ibarah al-nash. Jurnal Al Himayah, 5(1), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.46632/alhimayah.v5i1.171
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja (TPAK) perempuan tahun 2023. BPS Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id
Berikut adalah daftar referensi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini (40 referensi, APA 7th Edition):
Faruq, U. A., Najib, M. F., Akbar, P. S., & Zahro, D. F. (2025). Menelisik ilmu Al-Qurʾān mengenai al-muhkamat dan al-mutasyabihat serta fawatih as-suwar. Zaheen: Jurnal Pendidikan, Agama dan Budaya, 1(3), 35–52.
Hasan, A. (2005). Hukum keluarga Islam di Indonesia: Kajian kritis terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Ibn Qudāmah, M. A. (t.t.). Al-Mughnī (Jilid 8, ʿA. A. al-Turkī & ʿA. F. al-Ḥulw, Ed.). Dār ʿĀlam al-Kutub.
Ibn Rushd, M. A. (2004). Bidāyat al-Mujtahid wa Nihāyat al-Muqtaṣid (Jilid 2). Dār al-Ḥadīth.
Iskandar, A., & Wibowo, D. (2020). Hak-hak perempuan dalam hukum keluarga Islam Indonesia: Tinjauan yuridis normatif. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum, 8(2), 112–128.
Khalid, A. (2019). Nafkah istri dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia. Mazahib: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 18(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i1.1524
Khallāf, ʿA. W. (2003). ʿIlm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Dār al-Qalam.
Kompilasi Hukum Islam. (1991). Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia.
Mubarok, S. A., Asma, M. M., & Jannah, N. (2023). Pentingnya memahami perbedaan ayat muhkam dan mutasyabih sebagai landasan memahami makna takwil. Ta'lim: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(2), 74–84.
Mubarrak, Z. (2023). Metode istinbath kaidah-kaidah lughawiyah dalam ushul fiqh. Ameena Journal, 1(1), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.47945/ameena.v1i1.791
Muslim, A. H. (t.t.). Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (Jilid 3, M. F. ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Ed.). Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Nasution, K. (2005). Status wanita di Asia Tenggara: Studi terhadap perundang-undangan perkawinan Muslim kontemporer Indonesia dan Malaysia. INIS.
Nuruddin, A., & Tarigan, A. A. (2004). Hukum perdata Islam di Indonesia: Studi kritis perkembangan hukum Islam dari fikih, UU No.1/1974 sampai KHI. Kencana.
Rochmawati, M., & Muthoifin. (2020). Studi ayat-ayat khafi (tidak jelas) perspektif al-adillah asy-syarʾiyyah. Konferensi Nasional APPPTMA UMM Malang, 9(1), 222–225.
Rofiq, A. (2013). Hukum perdata Islam di Indonesia (Edisi revisi). Raja Grafindo Persada.
Rohani, S. (2024). Klasifikasi dilalah: Analisis deskriptif atas metode penunjukan makna dalam istinbat hukum Islam. Journal of Education, Teaching, and Learning, 1(3), 140–151.
Sabiq, S. (2006). Fiqh al-Sunnah (Jilid 2). Dār al-Fatḥ.
Salim, M. A. (2018). Kedudukan nafkah istri yang bekerja dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Al-Iqtishadiyah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 4(2), 78–95.
Sarong, A. H. (2010). Hukum perkawinan Islam di Indonesia. Yayasan PeNA.
Suhaimi, S. (2022). Imam Ibnu Qutaibah dan takwil terhadap kemusykilan dalam Al-Qurʾān. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Muʿāshirah, 19(1), 61–73.
Sulung, U., & Muspawi, M. (2024). Memahami sumber data penelitian: Primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Edu Research, 5(3), 110–116.
Syarifuddin, A. (2006). Hukum perkawinan Islam di Indonesia: Antara fiqh munakahat dan Undang-undang perkawinan. Kencana.
Tahir, M. (2017). Hak dan kewajiban suami istri dalam Islam: Kajian tematik Al-Qurʾān. Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 16(1), 34–52.
Tim Penyusun. (2017). Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam.
Wahbah, A. Z. (2004). Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmī (Jilid 1, Cet. 3). Dār al-Fikr.
Yanggo, H. T. (2010). Hukum keluarga dalam Islam (Cet. 2). Pesantren Tinggi Al-Zaytun