Komparasi Epistemologi Hadis Sunni dan Syiah: Pendekatan Validitas dan Otoritas di Tengah Tantangan Modernitas

Abstract

This article examines the differences in the epistemology of hadith between Sunni and Shia, focusing on aspects such as methodology, sources of authority, criteria for validity, collections of hadith, the concept of imamate, the classification of mutawatir and ahad hadith, and the role of reason in understanding hadith. This study employs a qualitative approach with a literature review method to explore relevant literature, aiming to understand the deep differences in how both sects understand and apply hadith in their religious practices. The findings indicate that the differences in the epistemology of hadith between Sunni and Shia are not only rooted in theological differences but also have practical implications for the daily lives of Muslims. For instance, Sunni's more skeptical approach toward ahad hadith contrasts with the Shia's more flexible acceptance of hadith narrated by the imams, who are considered the primary source of authority in Shia tradition. The study also emphasizes the importance of inter-sect dialogue to strengthen understanding and harmony among Muslims, particularly in facing the increasingly complex challenges of modernity. Thus, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the scholarly dynamics within Islamic tradition and underscores the importance of collaboration between sects in the context of the growing religious pluralism.