Prophetic Educational Theory on Marital Intimacy: Thematic Digital Hadith Analysis
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a critical phase in Muslim family life, requiring ethical and educational guidance rooted in authentic sources. This study aimed to explore Prophetic educational theory concerning marital intimacy during pregnancy as derived from the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). Employing a qualitative library-based research design, the study utilised the HadithSoft application to retrieve ḥadīth from 14 canonical collections. The keyword “pregnancy” guided thematic extraction, and only maqbūl (accepted) narrations were included. Data analysis applied Miles and Huberman’s eleventh strategy—constructing logical chains of evidence—to synthesise normative principles. The findings revealed eight core themes forming a Prophetic framework for marital ethics during pregnancy. These results contributed to Islamic reproductive ethics and offered practical implications for antenatal education, healthcare counselling, and family policy, thereby bridging classical guidance with contemporary bioethical challenges.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Content License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notice:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
References
Abassi, M., Karim, D., & Jokinen, T. (2024). Ramadan fasting as a form of time-restricted eating during pregnancy and long-term health effects in offspring: a narrative systematic review. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20367-2
Abbasi, M. Z. (2025). Sacred Texts and Profane Realities: Islamic Criminal Laws (Ḥudūd) and Children’s Rights in Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Law, 6(1), 15–45. https://doi.org/10.53484/jil.v6.abbasi
Abdul Halim, I., Abdul Rahman, N. N., & Saifuddeen, S. M. (2023). Mitochondrial replacement therapy: An Islamic perspective. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 20(3), 485–495. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-023-10279-y
Abdulaziz Sachedina. (2024). Muslim Reproductive Ethics: Sources and Methodology. In Dena S. Davis (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Religious Perspectives on Reproductive Ethics (pp. 59–82). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633202.013.6
Abdullah Al-Taiar, Md Estiar Rahman, May Salama, Ziyab, A. H., & Wilfried Karmaus. (2025). Impacts of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on pregnancy and birth outcomes: An umbrella review. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 169(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16127
Ahmad Khomaini Syafei, N. M. (2025). WOMEN ’ S FIQIH ABOUT MENSTRUAL BLOOD , POSTPARTUM , AND ISTIHADOH. Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama Dan Jender, 24(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.24014/ Marwah.v24i1.30304
Ahmed, S., & Ananbeh, H. (2026). The Difference between Spouses in the Expiry of the Waiting Period and Its Impact on the Jordanian Personal Status Law No. (15) of 2019. Dirasat:Shari’a and Law Sciences, 53(x), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35516/Law.2025.11348
Ali, A. M., Sayehu, N., & Torihoran, A. (2025). Child Adoption and Custody in Islamic Law: A Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 02(01), 33–42. https://journal-rabiza.com/index.php/JHK
Almazrouei, A.; Samudin, A.; Samah, N. (2025). Genetic fingerprinting and Islamic law: Ethical and legal considerations in paternity disputes. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law, 17(2), 45–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22452/jslr.vol10no1.3
Almoayad, F. (2025). Maternal and Child Health: An Islamic Perspective. In & M. E. F. In B. H. Aboul-Enein, G. H. Rassool, N. Benajiba, J. Bernstein (Ed.), Contemporary Islamic Perspectives in Public Health (pp. 86–91). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/contemporary-islamic-perspectives-in-public-health/maternal-and-child-health-an-islamic-perspective/F1B43A9165CEC53CF61857534F24BAD3
Alomair, N., Alageel, S., Davies, N., & Bailey, J. V. (2020). Factors influencing sexual and reproductive health of Muslim women: A systematic review. Reproductive Health, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-0888-1
Alomair, N., Horanieh, N., And, & Alageel, S. (2025). Sexual and Reproductive Health: An Islamic Perspective. In Contemporary Islamic Perspectives in Public Health (pp. 99–105). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009231268.016
Alwazna, R. Y. (2016). Islamic Law: Its Sources, Interpretation and the Translation of It into Laws Written in English. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 29(2), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-016-9473-x
Annisaa Siti Zuadah. (2021). Hadis tentang Haid dan Pengaruh Alat Kontrasepsi Pencegah Kehamilan terhadap Siklus Haid. Jurnal Riset Agama, 1(1). https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jra/article/download/14253/6117
Ask Mufti. (2024). Ruling of bleeding during pregnancy. https://ask-mufti.com/2024/08/04/q-340-ruling-of-bleeding-during-pregnancy/
El Bernoussi, Z., & Dupret, B. (2025). Islamic Bioethics: Birth Control. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.1157
Ibrahim, A.H., Harun, M. S. (2024). Applying the Concepts of Benefit and Harm in Malaysian Bioethical Discourse: Analysis of Malaysian Fatwa. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry An Interdisciplinary Forum for Ethical and Legal Debate, 21, 401–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10345-z
Jaser, N., & Ahaddour, C. (2023). Mapping the Islamic Ethical Discourse on Prenatal Diagnosis and Termination of Pregnancy: A Methodological Analysis. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 7, 177–201. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-20230091
Koren, C., & Ali-Morshed, H. (2023). The experience of late life remarriage and its meaning for older Arab Muslim widowed men in Israel. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 40(1), 130–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075221113603
Lakho, N., Saeed, S., Mahmood, A., Lakho, S., Das, C. M., & Shaikh, N. B. (2021). Health beliefs and breastfeeding practices during ramadan fasting. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(4), 1371–1373. http://pjmhsonline.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=16655_16673_16677&product_id=10444 http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emexa&NEWS=N&AN=2012384506
Makhlouf, A. G. (2023). Continuity and Change of Traditional Islamic Law in Modern Times: tarjı ¯h: as a Method of Adaptation and Development of Legal Doctrines. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 12(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwad010
Maya Bofa. (2023). The Struggle for Women’s Reproductive Rights: A Southeast Asian Perspective. LSE Southeast Asia Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/seac/2023/10/20/the-struggle-for-womens-reproductive-rights-a-southeast-asian-perspective/
Muaygil, R. A. (2023). Healing Body and Soul: Islamic Morality, Practitioner Obligations and Extramarital Pregnancy. Journal of Religion and Health, 62, 932–949. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01707-1
Najimudeen, M. (2020). Islamic Perspective on Family Planning. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3(3), 90–93. https://doi.org/10.36348/sijog.2020.v03i03.006
Nidal Sultan. (2025). slamic rulings pertaining to a Muslim woman: Menstruation, istiḥāḍah, and postnatal bleeding. Iftaa’ Department. https://www.aliftaa.jo/article-en/5917/Article.aspx?ArticleId=5930
Noor Jaser, & Chaїma Ahaddour. (2023). Intl J Gynecology Obste - 2025 - Al‐Taiar - Impacts of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on pregnancy and birth outcomes .pdf. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 7(1–2), 177–201. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-20230091
Padela, A. I. (2024). Maqasid al-Shariah and biomedicine: Bridging moral, ethical, and policy discourses. International Institute of Islamic Thought. https://iiit.org/wp-content/uploads/Maqasid-Al-Shariah-and-Biomedicine-_-Bridging-Moral-Ethical-and-Policy-Discourses.pdf
Rashid, R. (2025). The Fiqh of Contraception and Abortion: Ethico-Legal Study of Moral Status, Ensoulment and Medical Interventions. https://www.albalaghacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The_Fiqh_of_Contraception_and_Abortion.pdf
Saidun, S. (2024). Islamic Bioethics: Bioethics in Malaysia. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.1246
Sari, E. (2019). Keluarga Berencana Perspektif Ulama Hadis. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 6(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v6i1.10452
Shoaib, A. Bin. (2024). Islamic perspectives on preconception, prenatal, and perinatal counseling. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 12(February), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1373918
Sinulingga, N. N. (2025). Exploring Al- ‘ Azl and Contemporary Contraceptive Practices : A Maqashid al-Shariah Perspective on Population Regulation and Reproductive Morality. Pharos Journal of Theology, 106(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.106.4012
Tanggap, S., Perkahwinan, T., Menyelaraskan, A., & Al-shariah, P. M. M. (2025). THE MISCONCEPTION OF EARLY MARRIAGE: RECONCILING PERSPECTIVES THROUGH MAQASID AL-SHARIAH. Jurnal Pengajian Islam, 18(1), 123–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53840/jpi.v18i1.343
Witte, P., & Reyn van Ewijk. (2024). Ramadan during pregnancy and offspring health outcomes over the life course : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction, 30(6), 789–812. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmae026
Zainab Yate, S. M. A. (2022). Lactation Assessment for Muslim Breastfeeding Women Who Fast During Ramadan: Understanding an Islamic Legal Dispensation. Journal of Human Lactation, 38(3525–530). https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344221093372