Ekokritik dan Estetika ʿArūḍ dalam puisi Nasionalisme Ali Ahmad Bakatsir
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ecocritical studies in modern Arabic literature remain relatively limited, particularly those integrating environmental representation with the aesthetics of Arabic prosody (ʿArūḍ). Meanwhile, the nationalist poetry of Ali Ahmad Bakatsir not only expresses patriotic ideals but also portrays nature as an essential element in constructing national identity and poetic meaning. This study aims to examine the relationship between ecocentric messages and the musical aesthetics in Ilā Indūnīsiyā al-Bāsilah by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir. This research employed a qualitative approach using a textual analysis method. The analysis was conducted based on Lawrence Buell's ecocriticism and the theory of Arabic prosody (ʿArūḍ), while the data were collected through observation and note-taking techniques. The findings reveal that nationalism in Bakatsir's poem is constructed through a harmonious relationship between humans, nature, and spiritual values. Nature is represented as an active entity possessing intrinsic value and contributing to the formation of national identity. There are four verses that meet Lawrence Buell's ecocriticism criteria out of a total of twelve verses, namely meeting the criteria; first, the non-human environment, second, human interests do not exceed other legitimate interests, third, human responsibility towards the environment, fourth, the environment is understood as a dynamic process. Among them, there are phrases mountains, plains, pearls, the eastern end, gardens and the Qur'an that meet the first criterion of Lawrence Buell's ecocriticism non-human environment. From the aesthetic aspect, the poem uses Baḥar Roml which is dominated by the fāʿilātun pattern with several variations of ziḥāf in the form of khobn, which makes taf'ilah which turns into fa'ilatun, thus producing a strong, heroic, and authoritative rhythm.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Content License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notice:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
References
Al-Mubassyir, M., & Yumanto, M. I. (2024). Ali Ahmad Bakatsir dan upayanya dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia melalui karya sastra. JILSA: Jurnal Ilmu Linguistik & Sastra Arab, 8(1), 10–2.
Al-mubassyir, M., & Indra, M. (2022). Ali Ahmad Bakatsir dan Upayanya dalam Memperjuangkan Kemerdekaan Indonesia Melalui Karya Sastra. JILSA, 5(1), 10–21.
Alharbi, Ibrahim, B., & Abdel-Maqsoud, D. A. A. (2025). Literature and Confronting Environmental Change: Exploring the Role of Literature in Models from Arabic Literature. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i50s.10199.
Anam, M. S. (2021). Puisi bervisi lingkungan hidup (Studi ekokritisisme terhadap antologi puisi Hams al-Jufūn Mikhail Naimy). [Tesis Magister, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
As Salafy, & Thalhah. (2021). Teknik, Metode Dan Ideologi Penerjemahan Arab-Indonesia Dalam Terjemahan Buku Manzhumah Al-Qawāid Al-Fiqhiyyah Karya Syeikh Abdurrahman Bin Nashir As-Sa’Diy. Uktub: Journal of Arabic Studies 1, 2.
Ashtiany, J. (2020). The rhythmic structure of modern Arabic poetry: Tradition and innovation. Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435672.001.0001
Badawi, M. (2018). A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry. Cambridge University Press.
Baharun, S., Hanifansyah, N., & Atiyah, N. A. (2025). A cross-cultural psycholinguistic study on Arabic vocabulary retention: Evidence from Indonesia and Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Kebahasaan, 12(1), 45–. https://doi.org/https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/arabiyat/article/view/46704/18606
Buell, L., Heise, U. K., & Thornber, K. (2011). Literature and environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36, 417–440. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-111109-144855
Fikri, M. M., Fitriani, L., Hasaniyah, N., & Ayvaz, H. (2024). A Semiotic Analysis of Nationalism in Bakatsir’s “Biladaka Ya Hatta” through Riffaterre’s Theory. Langkawi: Journal of The Association for Arabic and English, 10(2), 293. https://doi.org/10.31332/lkw.v0i0.10056
Hikmawati, M., Ulfi, C., Uddin, Z., Hikmawati, M., Ulfi, C., & Uddin, Z. (2025). Telaah simbolik pola metrum bahr tawil dalam syair-syair ‘alala’ karya imam al-zarnuji: pendekatan semiotika riffaterre. An-Nas, 9, 243–267. https://doi.org/10.32665/annas.v9i2.5487.
Info, A. (2025). Ecocriticism : Associating Literature and Ecology to Raise Environmental Consciousness. 3(3), 50–57.
Istiqlaliyah, L., Taufiq, M. A., & Romdlon, A. M. (2025). Analisis semiotika Riffaterre pada puisi al-Hubbu wa al-Hurriyya karya Ali Ahmad Bakathir. Ajamiy: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 14(1), 226–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/ajamiy.14.1.226-240.2025
jannah, A., & Efendi, A. N. (2024). Kajian Ekologi Sastra (Ekokritik) dalam Antologi Puisi Negeri di atas Kertas Karya Komunitas Sastra Nusantara: Perspektif Lawrence Buell. Ghancaran. https://doi.org/doi: 10.19105/ghancaran.vi.17182.
Markasović, V. (2024). Wolves in the Woods: An Ecocritical Analysis of Natural Motifs in Marissa Meyer’s Scarlet. The International Journal of Young Adult Literature. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24877/ijyal.144.
Naling, J. (2019). The meter of Al-Khalil: A formal literature approach. Journal of Arabic Literature, 11(1), 59–75.
Nessel, C. (2021). Colonialism in its modern dress: post-colonial narratives in EUrope-Indonesia relations. 19(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-020-00587-y
Putra, W. H. (2022). Nationalism in Bakasir’s poem Indunisiyyā Kubrā Lanā: A sociology of literature perspective. Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 7(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v7i1.4858
Rokhim, M., Bahar, A., Suparno, D., Sa’adah, S., Sanjani, M. A. R., & Romadhony, A. (2025). Spirituality and Nationhood in Indunisiya Al-Badiʿah By Kh. Abdullah Bin Nuh: An Ecocritical Study for SDGs. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v26i02.12401.
Rokhim, M. (2021a). Sastra dan Nasionalisme; Studi atas puisi-puisi Mahjar Ali Ahmad Bakatsir. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Rokhim, M. (2021b). Sastra dan nasionalisme: Studi atas puisi-puisi mahjar Alî Ahmad Bakatsîr. [Disertasi Doktor, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Shamim, A. (2024). Ecocritical Concerns in the Selected Poems of Mahmoud Darwish and Naomi Shihab Nye. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/h13050135
Shihab, A. (2018). Keterlibatan sastrawan keturunan Arab dalam panggung kemerdekaan Indonesia. Penerbit Mizan.
Tajane, S. S., Shree, V. B., Pathak, P., Vineeta, P., & Saluja, K. (2024). Ecocriticism In Literature : Examining Nature And The Environment In Literary Works. 30(6), 2162–2168. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i6.5675
wardhana, & Kusuma, M. (2024). Pancasila on `audat al-firdaus: an interpretation of indonesia’s independence history through arabic literature. Journal of Arabic Literature (JaLi). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18860/jali.v6i1.30269.